滇黔相邻区二叠系宣威组富稀土黏土岩综合研究进展

在滇黔相邻区峨眉山玄武岩之上，二叠系宣威组下部广泛分布一套富稀土黏土岩。作为一种新类型的潜在稀土资源，诸多学者对其进行了研究，包括成矿条件、赋存状态，富集规律、综合利用方式等多个方面都有了较大的进展。该类型稀土具有非常大的资源潜力，区域连续性好、集中程度高，富含高价值的稀土元素镨、钕、铽、镝，经济价值和开发利用潜力巨大。本文全面总结了宣威组稀土目前的研究进展和存在的关键问题，提出了下一步研究方向。当前对于宣威组富稀土黏土岩中稀土元素的富集机理尚未明确，进一步开展成矿理论研究是找矿突破的关键；赋存状态的研究亟待突破，对该新类型稀土的综合利用技术突破，后期绿色勘查开发具有重要的意义；综合利用方面，经济可行的绿色选冶技术、伴生的铝、铌、锆、镓、钛等有价元素的综合回收、尾矿的资源化消纳等方面是下一步的主攻方向。      

高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定铀铌铅多金属矿中痕量银

铀铌铅多金属矿组成成分复杂,准确有效的测定其中的痕量银,有利于银的回收利用。采用HCl-HNO₃-HF-HClO₄处理铀铌铅多金属矿样品,以HCl(1+4)-2g/L酒石酸为测定介质,以λ_Ag=328.068nm为分析谱线,建立了高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法(HR-CS-AAS)测定铀铌铅多金属矿样品中痕量银的新方法。对仪器参数进行了优化,确定采用迭代基线校正(IBC)背景校正方式,CCD检测器有效像素点选择5个;由银的平均吸收光谱图和吸光度-波长-时间三维吸收光谱图可知,银的CCD检测器分辨率为0.0020nm/pixel,λ_Ag=328.068nm在327.86~328.27nm范围内没有受到溶液中其他共存元素的谱线干扰。在优化的实验条件下,银的吸光度与其质量浓度在0.40~1.60μg/mL范围内运用二次方程最小二乘法拟合校准曲线,相关系数为0.9999,特征浓度为0.0148μg/mL,方法检出限为0.0013μg/mL。将HR-CS-AAS测定样品中银的参数与空心阴极灯原子吸收光谱法(HCL-AAS)相比,其检出限更低,特征浓度更低,标准溶液系列的吸光度更高。按照实验方法对铀铌铅多金属矿样品中的银进行测定,结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱法基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为0.63%~3.3%。按实验方法在铀铌铅多金属矿样品中加入银标准溶液进行加标回收试验,回收率为97%~104%,满足国家地质矿产行业标准DZ/T 0130—2006的要求。     

攀西钒钛磁铁矿尾矿制备储水泡沫陶瓷的研究

以攀西钒钛磁铁尾矿和废玻璃为主要原料通过高温烧结法制备储水泡沫陶瓷，研究原料配比和发泡剂（SiC）添加量对材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着钒钛磁铁矿尾矿含量的增加，材料的体积密度及抗压强度逐渐增大，平均气孔孔径逐渐减小；当尾矿添加量为50 wt%，材料的体积吸水率出现极值。当SiC添加量为0.3 wt%，材料内部气孔分布均匀，平均孔径约为2.93 mm。最终以50.0 wt%的钒钛磁铁矿尾矿和50.0 wt%的废玻璃为原料，外加3.0 wt%的石英，0.3 wt%的SiC，3.0 wt%的Na3PO4，在1040℃下制得性能最优的储水泡沫陶瓷，材料的体积密度为0.26 g/cm-3、体积吸水率为56.5%和抗压强度为0.68 MPa。采用SEM、XRD等检测手段研究材料的微观形貌及物相组成，结果表明储水泡沫陶瓷内部由三维立体结构组成，有利于储存水分；材料主要物相包括硅灰石、长石、透辉石和钛铁矿。      

从云南某锌浸出渣中回收锌锗的试验研究

对锌浸出渣中锌、锗和铁进行高压选择性浸出,采用P204萃取去除浸出液中铁元素,使浸出液中的锌、锗元素得到富集。高压选择性浸出试验结果表明,锌的平均浸出率高达96.77%,锗的平均浸出率高达70.86%,而铁的平均浸出率仅为55.44%。萃取除铁试验表明,经三级萃取后,三价铁离子的萃取率大于99.5%,萃余液中三价铁离子浓度小于0.01 g/L,可循环进入湿法炼锌工艺中使用。     

攀西微细粒钛铁矿工艺矿物学研究

采用普通光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱探针、X射线衍射分析技术和MLA矿物自动分析仪对红格微细粒钛铁矿进行了工艺矿物学研究。通过传统工艺矿物学研究手段和现代分析测试技术的有机结合,系统鉴定了矿石的矿物组成、结构构造、嵌布特征,统计了主要矿物的粒度特征。运用多种分析手段重点分析了产品中有益元素和有害元素的赋存状态。研究表明,钛铁矿大部分集中在-0.019 mm,主要矿物及含量分别为钛铁矿32.37%、钛磁铁矿3.7%,黄铁矿0.22%,脉石矿物主要为辉石和橄榄石,其总量可达63.71%。产品中主要矿物解离度依次为钛铁矿(75.84%)、黄铁矿(69.97%)、透辉石(80.51%)、橄榄石(81.51%)、斜长石(63.73%),钛铁矿解离充分,没有进一步磨矿的必要。选矿工作的重点应放在强化钛铁矿与辉石和橄榄石分离的方面,特别注意这种细粒级脉石在浮选过程中的行为研究。     

中国铅锌矿能源资源基地开发利用现状研究

我国铅锌矿产资源丰富，生产能力、消费量、出口量居世界前列，是我国的优势矿种。以10个铅锌矿能源资源基地为研究对象，对基地分布、矿山数量、产能结构、开发利用指标、矿业固废循环利用指标等进行了分析研究。研究表明，2018年，我国铅锌矿大型资源基地的矿业集中度和铅锌矿的综合利用率均高于全国平均水平。     

Use of conditioning time to investigate the mechanisms of interactions of selected fatty acids on hematite Part II laboratory investigations

It is the aim of this paper to examine the effects of conditioning time on the flotation of hematite using three technical grade fatty acid reagents as providing additional evidence on their mechanism of interaction with the hematite surface. Various mechanisms have been postulated as occurring as conditioning time is increased. Both physical (e.g. conditioning time and power input) and chemical (nature, dispersion and solubility of the adsorbing species) contribute to the mechanisms of attachment of collector. In this paper, the mechanism of attachment of oleate to hematite can be readily explained by chemisorption, but the mechanism of attachment of lauric acid appears to be physical adsorption at neutral pH. The flotation of hematite with a mixture of tallow-type fatty acids (palmitic, stearic and oleic acids) is very sensitive to conditioning time, and suggests that, even though flotation is very effective at short conditioning times, it is very susceptible to the presence of fines and their associated high surface areas. It is therefore obvious that both the physical and chemical conditions contribute to the mechanisms of adsorption of fatty acids on iron-containing oxide minerals and must be understood in order to optimise the flotation of these minerals in an industrial situation.     

A mixed collector system for phosphate flotation

Flotation has been used in industry for more than a half century as the primary technique for upgrading phosphate. While the flotation of phosphate was inefficient when oleic acid was used alone as a collector, therefore a mixed collector of oleic acid (HOl), linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (LNA) was employed to improve the recovery of phosphate flotation. The batch flotation results showed that the optimal composition of the mixed collector was 54 wt.% HOl, 36 wt.% LA and 10 wt.% LNA. Additionally, the effect of pH on the mixed collector application was studied while considering the surface tension, contact angle and micro-flotation. The results showed that the mixed collector should be used at a pH of 9.5. Above a pH of 9.5, the adsorption of fatty acids dimers on the apatite surface hindered phosphate flotation. The influence of the mixed collector assembly on apatite flotation was also investigated. It was demonstrated that due to its low critical micelle concentration, a sufficiently hydrophobic apatite surface could be generated at a collector concentration of 60 mg/L. In addition, zeta potential experiments suggested that collector adsorption was governed by chemisorption. FTIR and XPS spectra studies further indicated that the chemical reaction involved the carboxyl groups of fatty acids and Ca species at the apatite surface for each fatty acid in the mixed collector.     

川北某黑色页岩型铼矿工艺矿物学研究

通过矿相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线能谱元素面分析等多种手段综合研究了川北某黑色页岩型铼矿中铼的赋存状态。样品为黑色页岩,有机碳含量较高。粘土矿物总量为14.6%,黄铁矿含量16.2%,石英含量37.7%。样品具典型的粘土结构,矿物粒度微细。铼有两种赋存状态,一种呈类质同象形式赋存于黄铁矿内,另一种则以分散形式存在。典型黄铁矿测点Re平均含量为0.024%。黄铁矿是Re的重要载体矿物。建议通过浮选分离黄铁矿,从而实现Re的富集。